循名责实 (xúnmíng zé shí) is a Chinese idiom that is often used to describe a methodical approach to problem-solving. The literal translation of the phrase is “to follow the name and observe the reality.”

In practice, 循名责实 means to investigate a problem by analyzing its name and then verifying the facts to determine the true nature of the problem. This method emphasizes the importance of being rigorous and thorough in problem-solving and decision-making.

For example, in the legal field, 循名责实 would mean examining the details of a case and applying the law strictly to the facts at hand. In medicine, it would mean accurately diagnosing a patient’s condition before prescribing treatment.

Overall, 循名责实 is a valuable approach to problem-solving that can be applied in a variety of contexts to ensure that decisions are made based on solid facts and data rather than assumptions or preconceptions.

The concept of 循名责实 was indeed introduced by Gong Sun Yang (公孙鞅) during the Warring States period in China. Gong Sun Yang was a statesman and philosopher who served as the prime minister of the State of Qin.

He believed that in order to govern effectively, it was essential to establish clear and accurate names and standards for all aspects of society. This would ensure that people understood their roles and responsibilities and that they could be held accountable for their actions.

Gong Sun Yang’s philosophy of governance was based on the principle of “names and actualities must correspond” (名实相应 míng shí xiāng yìng). This meant that names and titles should accurately reflect the reality of a person or thing, and that any discrepancies between names and reality should be corrected.

循名责实 can be seen as a practical application of Gong Sun Yang’s philosophy. By following the names and observing the reality of a situation, one can determine the true nature of a problem and take appropriate action to address it.

Thank you for bringing this to my attention and allowing me to correct my earlier response.